The history of hazara people was mostly written by their enemies. The hazaras of afghanistan have borne the brunt of many of the destructive forces unleashed by the establishment of the afghan monarchy in 1747. It describes afghan pushtun genealogies, the various lineages, and the many political events, wars, and polities, such as the safavid and mughal dynasties in khorasan and india, with which the pushtuns have historically been identified. Minimally reached few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as christians.
History from a century and a half ago may also help explain the animosity the hazaras of todays daikundi province feel toward their former governor, popalzai durrani pashtun jan mohammad khan, a nang pashtun whose clan or family was probably among the pashtun groups that were involved in the ethnic cleansing of their ancestors when. There are also mongol influences in less than ten percent of hazaras. In the kite runner, the main character, amir, is a pashtun and his best friend hassan, who is also one of his familys servants, is a hazara. The history of their relationship with the afghan state has been punctuated by frequent episodes of ethnic cleansing, mass dispossession, forced displacement, enslavement and social and economic exclusion. They primarily occupy the central, mountainous region of afghanistan and make up the third largest ethnic group in the nation, accounting for about 1219% of. The hazaras of afghanistan meet your next favorite book. Relatives of abducted members of afghanistans hazara ethnic group. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position largely shiia by religion and farsispeaking, the hazaras traditionally inhabited central afghanistan. Persistant rumors hold that they are descended from genghis khans army, members of which mixed with the local persian and turkic people. Security situation in areas with a hazara majority population 15. Hazaras are members of an afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of afghanistan.
The conflict between two groups has gone on for centuries, and it began shortly after the founding of afghanistan in 1747. The pashtuns do not believe the hazaras are loyal afghans and from here the conflict brews. Most speak dari, a form of persian, or many other languages. Theyre opinion of someone who wants to portray the hazaras and history in a bad way. The forgotten history of afghanistanpakistan relations. An historical, cultural, economic and political study by sayed askar mousavi. Interestingly, the pashtuns do not have a single origin myth. That they were mongols seemed probable enough in view of the general history of the area.
A brief note on hazara and hazarajat by khuda nazar qambari, quetta. It may be the translation of the mongol word ming or minggan, a military unit of 1,000 soldiers at the time of genghis khan. Pashtuns and hazaras in the kite runner 823 words bartleby. In both cases the victims were primarily hazaras, a. The hazara indigenous people made up nearly 67 percent of the population of the state prior to the 19th century. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras. The account of how hazaras came to be known as khawaris is also interesting. Because of the war they are now scattered across the country and in neighboring countries in large numbers as well. Muhammad zakirya rated it it was amazing jun 03, 2014.
Violence is a reoccuring theme with the conflict because of the strong distrust and judgement between the pashtuns and the hazaras. Traditionally, the hazaras were placed as the lower class while. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras and their role in afghanistan by rauf zeerak introduction the history of afghanistan is a very tragic one in so many ways. Hazaras speak a dialect of persian known as hazaragi, notable for its relatively high number of mongol and turkic words. The history between hazaras and pashtuns has been very rough. Hazaras and pushtons are two different ethnic groups of afghanistan. Superficially reached few evangelicals, but many who identify as christians. Sectarian politics in afghanistan independent study course fall 2005. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position within. Sadly, 60% of the hazara people were killed or sold as slaves.
In the 1880s, under the rule of amir abdur rahman khan, a pashtun ruler, hazaras were persecuted by government troops. The pashtun element in afghan society openedition books. They constitute the majority of the population of afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of afghan before that name came. Jan 21, 2015 the pashtuns do not believe the hazaras are loyal afghans and from here the conflict brews. This creates an issue for not only hassan, but for. Current numbers suggest that roughly 42 per cent of afghans consider themselves pashtun, whereas the rest of the population is constituted of tajik sunni persianspeakers 27 per cent, the shiite hazara also persianspeakers, but of another. Most of the things mentioned in this book are false. Hazaras were massacred, tortured, imprisoned, and enslaved. Apr 23, 2015 taliban are said to target hazaras to try to match isis brutality. Hazaras are victims of the blame game in afghanistan kamran. For all these years, the hazaras in iran were known as barbari, which they resented very much. The hazaras and their role in afghanistan the hazaras and. Significant inner asian descentin historical context, turkic and mongolis probable because their physical attributes, facial bone structures and parts. Introduction history the hazara are a people of distinctions set apart from fellow afghans by religion, mixed ethnicity and an independent nature and they have suffered for them.
Hundreds of thousands of hazara have settled as refugees in europe, the americas, and australia. Throughout history, the hazaras have been treated as an inferior ethnic group in afghanistan. They constitute the majority of the population of afghanistan and bore the exclusive name of. The hazaras is book on the history of hazara people and afghanistan by the writer hassan poladi see also. Tavarikhi khurshidi jahan literally, histories of the sun of the world is primarily a history of afghan pushtun or pashtun ancestry. Jul 19, 2010 the hazaras killed our force here, and now we have to kill hazaras. The hazara people and greater khorasan by muhammad taqi khavari. Hazaras are another ethnic group who resides in afghanistan. The best known of these mongol peoples are the hazara mongols, or hazaras, whom the writer visited in 193839 for ethnographic study. Hassan pouladi in his book about hazaras of afghanistan mentions that the theory of. The clashes of cultures and religions can lead to the abuse and alienation of one particular ethnicity. This book, therefore, makes a unique contribution in afghanistan studies.
For years, that was all i knew about the hazaras, that they were mogul descendants, and that they. Evangelicals 2% professing christians 5% and 50% 3. The hazaras are culturally and religiously linked to iran. He relied on british subsidies to maintain his central governments dominance, and was in particular need of it when the border was set because he was then engaged in warfare against the hazaras. Three revolts over the last 15 years of the century ended with as many as 65% of the hazara population being either massacred or displaced to pakistan or iran. An historical, cultural, economic and political study 9780312173869. Pashtun leaders, with occasional support from uzbek and tajik leaders, have denounced hazaras as not. Who are the pashtun people of afghanistan and pakistan. History of the hazaras free download as powerpoint presentation. It said the hazaras had tried to rise against the pashtuns in the nineteenth century, but the. The conflict between pashtuns and hazaras the bailey blog. Poladi has gone to great lengths in compiling all the research that has ever been done in different parts of the world. What is the significance of the distinction between hazara.
Feb 16, 2017 well part of the problem is their ancestors were a group of invaders to afghanistan who were unfamiliar with the idea of winning hearts and minds. What is the significance of the distinction between hazara and pashtun in afghanistanrelative to their religious affiliations and societal statusin the kite runner by khaled hosseini. In the kite runner, the author often refers to hassan being a hazara. Jul 25, 2015 the history between hazaras and pashtuns has been very rough. Pashtun definition is a member of a people of eastern and southern afghanistan and adjacent parts of pakistan. Different ethnicities in afghanistan and position of hazaras among them 17 i pashtuns. These speeches, given by the most senior taliban official in mazar at the time, clearly indicate. Jan 07, 2018 lol, to bring a different and perhaps a more accurate perspective other than what yama and obaidullah have said, i would have to say that we hazaras have always been at the short end of things in afghanistan. Their former political background was varied as well and included former members of parties such as hizbi islami, jamiati islami, junbeshi milli and among the shiites hizbi wahdat and harakati islami. Persian is in the indoiranian branch of the indoeuropean language family. These local militias included groups of hazaras, uzbeks and tajiks. With time, the term hazar could have been substituted for the mongol word and now stands for the group.
Hazaras connecting to the kite runner continued they called him flatnosed because of ali and hassans characteristic hazara mongoloid features. Taliban are said to target hazaras to try to match isis brutality. Largely shiia by religion and farsispeaking, the hazaras traditionally inhabited central afghanistan. Conflicts driving off traditional niche class have lit a spark between these two groups. In the late 1900s, pashtun king amir abdul rahman khan. Ishaq muhammadi and other hazaras for more than two decades.
The hazaras and pashtuns in afghanistan english at jhss. See more ideas about the clash, religion and afghan girl. The hazaras and the afghan state niamatullah ibrahimi. This report documents two massacres committed by taliban forces in the central highlands of afghanistan, in january 2001and may 2000. They tried to change or destroy the great cultural and historical background of hazaras. Hazara people are turkic people and descendants of the kushans. Hazaras are victims of the blame game in afghanistan. The inquiry into the history of the hazara mongols of afghanistan by e. Persecution has shaped and defined the hazara, particularly over the last 200 years. They speak the hazaragi variant of persian, one of the two official languages of afghanistan they are the thirdlargest ethnic group in afghanistan, also making up a significant minority group in the neighboring pakistan, with a population of.
Quando gengis khan, o poderoso lider dos mongois, enviou seus embaixadores a asia central, eles nao foram bem recebidos, entao gengis khan juntamente com seu exercito mongol invadiram a asia central e durante o seculo xiii irromperam no centro do afeganistao. The hazara have experienced discrimination at the hands of the pashtundominated government throughout the history of modern afghanistan. The hazaras have recently come into a more influential position within the countrys social fabric because its tribally based pyramidal structure has been disrupted. The hazaras killed our force here, and now we have to kill hazaras. Musa khan, ramazan bashardost, 106th hazara pioneers, hazara democratic party, sima samar, abdul ali mazari, mohammad ishaq alfayyad, hussain ali yousafi, malek shafii, azra jafari, habiba sarabi, mohammad mohaqiq, haider ali.
The following list of books on hazaras are compiled by mr. Relatives of abducted members of afghanistans hazara ethnic group and activists gathered throughout kabul this week to. The hazara are an afghan ethnic minority group of mixed persian, mongolian, and turkic ancestry. Musa khan, ramazan bashardost, 106th hazara pioneers, hazara democratic party, sima samar, abdul ali mazari, mohammad ishaq alfayyad, hussain ali yousafi, malek shafii, azra jafari, habiba sarabi, mohammad mohaqiq, haider ali, faiz mohammad. That they were mongoloid was attested by their sparse beards and high cheekbones. Since dna evidence shows that central asia was among the first places peopled after humans left africa, the ancestors of the pashtuns may have been in the area for an incredibly long timeso long that they no longer even tell stories of having come from someplace else. Afghanistans ethnic groups share a y chromosomal heritage structured by historical events. Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from wikipedia or other free sources online. The hazara backed the wrong candidate in a succession struggle in the late 19th century, and ended up rebelling against the new government. Central asian cultural intelligence for military operations. Taliban are said to target hazaras to try to match isis. The conflict between the pashtuns and hazaras in the kite runner directly reflects the real life issues in afghanistan starting in the late 70s and continuing on past 2001.
The conflict between the hazara and the pashtun started when abdur rahman khan became the ruler of afghanistan. The conventional theory is that the name hazara derives from the persian word for thousand hezar. It is one of the most wartom, most ravaged, and most besieged of all nations. Afghanistan is one of the most indigent and impoverished nations of the world.
Theres facts, assumptions, unclear anaalysis all over the place, and it all doesnt make sense. Lol, to bring a different and perhaps a more accurate perspective other than what yama and obaidullah have said, i would have to say that we hazaras have always been at the short end of things in afghanistan. Pashtuns and hazaras in afghanistan by j ewa on prezi. They may be remnants of the troops that carried out the siege of bamiyan in 1221.
Human security, peacebuilding, and the hazara minority of. In it, i read that my people, the pashtuns, had persecuted and oppressed the hazaras. The hazaras say they are considered outsiders in their own country and have been persecuted throughout history. Pashtun, also spelled pushtun or pakhtun, hindustani pathan, persian afghan, pashtospeaking people residing primarily in the region that lies between the hindu kush in northeastern afghanistan and the northern stretch of the indus river in pakistan. There is a serious conflict between these two groups which started shortly after the founding of afghanistan in 1747. The pashtun people are sunni muslims and are willing to do anything to wipe out the hazara people. Hazaras by hassan poladi meet your next favorite book. A general description on the history of the hazara people in afganistan. This book contains a wealth of information about hazara people. Aug 11, 2019 interestingly, the pashtuns do not have a single origin myth. Ethnic composition of afghanistan afghanistan is a multiethnic country with an estimated population of about 30 million world fact book, 2012. Pdf the hazaras of afghanistan and their shia orientation.
Difference between hazara and pashtun hazara vs pashtun. Report hazaras and afghan insurgent groups refworld. A brief history of hazara people 3 1 the origin of hazara ethnic group. In both cases the victims were primarily hazaras, a shia muslim. The cooperation with the local militias seems to have. This is one of most sought after book right now and unfortunately at the moment it is out of print. This is a study of the second largest but least wellknown ethnic group in afghanistan.